To review blockchain lessons learned in 2018 and near-future predictions for blockchain in healthcare, Blockchain in Healthcare Today (BHTY) asked the world's blockchain in healthcare experts to share their insights. Here, our internationally-renowned BHTY peer-review board discusses their major predictions.Based on their responses, presented in detail below, ten major themes (Table ) for the future of blockchain in healthcare will emerge over the 12 months. CORRIGENDUM: This following paragraph has been corrected (page 3, first paragraph) from: "Fourth, with over 1000 insurance companies in the country, filling out paperwork to documentprovider training and licensure is a nightmare. The Synaptic Health Alliance aims to simplifythis process by putting all credentialing information on a distributed public ledger for all stakeholders to access.1" To: "Fourth, keeping health care provider directories maintained by health plans up-to-date is a critical, complex issue facing organizations across the health care system. The first project of the Synaptic Health Alliance aims to simplify this process by putting provider demographic information on a permissioned blockchain for Alliance members to access and maintain.1"
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Bitcoin. A cryptocurrency (i.e., a form of electronic cash) is a decentralized digital currency without a central bank or single administrator that is sent from user-to-user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without intermediaries.
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Blockchain. A system in which a record of transactions made in bitcoin or another cryptocurrency are maintained across several computers linked in a peer-to-peer network. (9).
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Club blockchain: A “permission-ed” blockchain.
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Cryptocurrency. A digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units, and verify the transfer of assets. (10).
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Distributed Ledger Technology: An umbrella term used to describe technologies that distribute records or information (e.g., accounting ledgers) among those using it, either privately or publicly. 11 Enterprise blockchain: The use of blockchain within corporations 12.
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Internet-of-Things: The interconnection via the Internet of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data. (13).
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Monero. An open-source cryptocurrency created in April 2014 that focuses on fungibility, privacy and decentralization. Monero uses an obfuscated public ledger, meaning anybody can broadcast or send transactions, but no outside observer can tell the source, amount or destination. 14 Immutable: An object whose state cannot be modified after it is created. :15.
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A system (protocol or function) that is an economic measure to deter denial of service attacks and other service abuses such as spam on a network, by requiring some work from the service requester. :17.
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Public blockchains are decentralized. No one controls the network, and they are secure in that the data cannot be changed once validated on the blockchain.
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Zcash. A cryptocurrency aimed at using cryptography to provide enhanced privacy for its users compared to other cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Like Bitcoin, Zcash has a fixed total supply of 21 million units. :19.
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